Surge in labor approvals and remittance inflow (ae 20/03/2023)

Outward Remittance: Foreigners working in Nepal sent Rs 4.01bn back home in this fiscal (ae 17/03/2023)

Remittance inflow increases 27.1 percent in six months (nlt 12/03/2023), Nepal’s remittance earnings continue to grow, reaching Rs689.88 billion : 482,475 Nepalis left for foreign jobs in the first seven months of the current fiscal year (kp 13/03/2023)

Remittance inflows jump 24 percent to Rs585.08 billion : The central bank said that the country’s economy has been in the recovery phase (kp 07/02/2023), Remittance inflow rises 24.3 per cent in H1 (ht 07/02/2023)

Utilising Remittances For Development, by Shyam Prasad Mainali (rn 04/02/2023)

Remittance inflows hit Rs480.50 billion in first five months : Official statistics show that 347,340 new and re-entry labour permits were issued in the first five months of the current fiscal year ended mid-December 2022 (kp 14/01/2023)

Formalising Remittance Is Not Easy, by Uttam Maharjan (rn 03/01/2023)

Don’t count on remittance : Recession in high-income countries can hit the economies of middle-income countries, by Kamal Raj Dhungel (kp 29/12/2022)

Nepal receives Rs 378 billion in remittance in four months (kh 16/12/2022), Remittance inflows to Nepal up by record 20 percent
The country received Rs378.04 billion in the first four months of the current fiscal year (kp 16/12/2022)

Repercussions of remittance economy : The advantages of remittance inflow into poor countries such as Nepal are too obvious to miss, by CK Lal (kp 07/12/2022))

World Bank projects Nepal’s remittance inflow increase by US$ 8.5 billion (kh 03/12/2022), Nepal’s remittance earnings to rise to USD 8.5 billion in 2022 from USD 8.2 billion: WB, by Rajesh Khanal (rep 04/12/2022)

Remittance inflow sees 17 percent rise (rn 16/11/2022)

Climate change may hurt Nepal’s remittance earnings : Migrant workers sent home Rs1 trillion in the last fiscal year, making it the primary lifeline of the country’s economy, by Sangam Prasain (kp 05/11/2022)

Country receives Rs 187 billion remittance (kh 21/10/2022)

Nepal receives record Rs 1 trillion in remittances (nlt 17/08/2022), Remittances inflow crosses Rs 10 billion in FY 2021/022 (kh 17/08/2022) [1.000 billion?], Nepal’s remittance earning crosses Rs1 trillion mark : Rise attributed to dollar appreciation, growth in outbound worker numbers, by Pawan Pandey (kp 17/08/2022)

Foreign employment revival : Remittances rebound after the pandemic, offering Nepal some respite from an economic crisis (nt 12/08/2022)

Rs 904 billion remittance inflow recorded in 11 months (kh 11/07/2022), Nepal receives Rs 904 billion remittance in 11 months (nlt 12/07/2022)

Making Remittance Transfer Safer, by Ramesh Aryal (rn 07/07/2022)

Remittance inflows swell by 0.2 percent in ten months of this fiscal (kh 10/06/2022)

Remittance : Encourage legal channels, by Jagadish Dahal (ht 08/06/2022)

Using remittance for the better of the Nepali economy : How Nepal can convert remittance to savings, investment and entrepreneurship thereby making it a means of sustaining the national economy, by Prience Shrestha (nlt 16/05/2022)

Nepal receives remittances amounting to over Rs 724 billion in nine months (kh 11/05/2022)

Remittance For Economic Development : Exporting labour abroad is a lucrative business as shown by the contribution of remittances to the national economy. However, this has created problems in the rural areas, by Uttam Maharjan (rn 19/04/2022)

How remittance is fuelling agricultural risks and unplanned sprawl : In 1989, the urban cover occupied just 221.1 sq km of the Tarai, but this had increased to 930.22 sq km by 2016. Agriculture’s share in the GDP has fallen markedly over a decade, by Aakriti Ghimire (kp 14/04/2022)

Remittance inflow improved slightly during mid-Feb and mid-March (rep 12/04/222)

Remittance slowdown, low capex continue to dent deposits, by Kiran Lama (ht 29/03/2022)

Decoding remittances : The Nepal government needs to focus on being a facilitator instead of a controller, by Sujeev Shakya (kp 22/03/2022)

Remittance inflow decreases by 4.9 percent (kh 11/03/2022), Remittance drops, forex reserves under pressure (ht 12/03/2022)

Remittance declines by 5.5 percent in first six months of FY 2021/22 (kh 09/02/2022)

Remittance Inflow Continues To Decline (rn 14/01/2022)

Experts urge providing incentives to remittance senders to use banks : Officials suspect that large sums of money are being diverted through informal channels using cash bonuses, by Prithvi Man Shrestha (kp 30/12/2021)

Remittance fall for fourth straight month : Nepal’s central bank officials say remittance has decreased because the imports of gold through informal channels has thrived (kp 16/12/2021), Remittance Inflow Down By 7.5% ( rn 16/12/2021)

Falling remittance inflows linked to ‘illegal’ gold imports : As foreign exchange reserves get hit, authorities step up efforts to curb entry of unauthorised yellow metal, by Prithvi Man Shrestha (kp 15/12/2021)

Remittance Economy: Appealing or Appalling?, by Atindra Dahal (rep 04/12/2021)

The remittance paradox : Sans intervention, overseas markets which suck dollars like a vortex are here to stay, by Kamal Parajuli (kp 18/11/2021)

Remittance Tumbles By 7.6 Per Cent Amid Liquidity Shrink (rn 16/11/2021), Remittance drops for the third straight month : The fall has sparked concern that any significant decline could disturb the structure of the economy at the macro level, by Sangam Prasain (kp 17/11/2021)

Remittance inflows decrease 6.3 percent in first two months (kh 25/10/2021)

Falling remittances, foreign currency reserves worrisome amid resurging imports :Nepal’s imports surged by 75.7 percent while remittances fell by 18.1 percent in the first month of the new fiscal year, by Prithvi Man Shrestha (kp 26/09/2021)

Remittance up by Rs 100 billion, by Rudra Khadka (rep 25/08/2021), Remittance flow increasing (kh 27/08/2021)

Remittance hits Rs961 billion, an all-time high in the time of Covid-19 : The flow of capital from immigrants reached a record  high despite labour migration dropping to a 16-year low, by Sangam Prasain (kp 22/08/2021)

Country receives 870.94 billion remittance in first 11 months of current FY (kh 15/07/2021)

Labour migration : A sound policy is required to make productive use of the remittance, instead of squandering it on importing luxury goods (ht) 02/07/2021)

Remittances rise by 8.6 per cent in first eight months (ht 13/04/2021)

Remittance inflows: Defying projections, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 29/12/2020)

258 Billion Remittance In Three Months, Up By 12.6 Per Cent (rn 25/11/2020), Remittance inflows surged 12.6pc in Q1 (ht 26/11/2020)

Remittance to Nepal may drop to $7.4 billion in 2020, World Bank says : Nepal Rastra Bank rejected the assumption saying growth trends indicate sustained inflows, by Sangam Prasain (kp 31/10/2020) [See: COVID-19: Remittance Flows to Shrink 14% by 2021 : International migration to fall in 2020 for the first time in recent decades (World Bank 29/10/2020)], Remittance inflow surges by 8.1 percent in two months amid COVID-19 (kh 01/11/2020)

Remittance flow defies expectations to record a strong 8 percent growth : Nepalis abroad sent home Rs165.73 billion in the first two months despite a virus-ravaged world economy, by Sangam Prasain (kp 22/10/2020)

Nepal sees robust growth in remittance inflow despite Covid-19 pandemic (kp 26/09/2020) [???], Remittance surges 23pc in first month of FY 20-21 : Economist says the real impact of COVID-19 pandemic in foreign jobs sector not visible yet (ht 26/09/2020)

Remittance defies projections of a massive drop : Nepal received Rs 100.16 billion in remittance, an all-time high during mid-June to mid-July—the last month of the last fiscal year, by Sangam Prasain kp 25/08/2020)

Less money coming in: The virus has slashed remittance flows, so it is necessary to make the most of what you have, by Shankar Ghimire (kp 14/08/2020)

Nepal may see 28.7 percent contraction in remittance in 2020, highest in the developing Asia, ADB says: But Nepal Rastra Bank says as China’s demand for oil will create jobs in Gulf countries, Nepal may not see a big contraction on remittance earnings despite the pandemic, by Sangam Prasain (kp 05/08/2020)

Failing our migrant workers: One would have expected the present government to be more attuned to the challenges faced by workers in destination countries, by Deepak Thapa (kp 09/07/2020)

As the world slowly reopens after lockdowns, remittance inflows begin to improve: After a significant slump in the month of Chaitra, there has been a slight increase in inflows, and officials believe that the downturn will not be as bad as predicted, by Prithvi Man Shrestha (kp 29/06/2020)

Maximising Benefits Of Corona-Hit Remittance, by Kamal Parajuli (rn 11/06/2020)

Impact of COVID-19 on remittances, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 03/06/2020)

Remittance income plunges 51pc (ht 18/05/2020), Remittance down by 132.35 percent (kh 18/05/2020)

Impact of COVID-19 on Nepal’s Remittance Economy & Foreign Employment, by Sunil Kumar Chaudhary (kh 16/05/2020)

COVID-19 Takes Heavy Toll On Remittance Inflow (rn 24/04/2020)

COVID-19'S Impact On Labour Migration: Remittance Inflows To Reduce By 20% (rn 23/04/2020), Remittances to Nepal projected to slump by 14pc (ht 23/04/2020) [???]

Nepal’s remittance-dependent economy braces for upheaval amid Covid-19 pandemic: Money sent by workers abroad has not declined yet, but the future looks uncertain as countries that host Nepali labourers impose travel bans, by Chandan Kumar Mandal (kp 15/03/2020)

In one Nawalpur village, women are using remittance to start businesses and prevent their husbands from migrating again: When remittance is plied into the productive sector, it can end the cycle of migration and provide a safety net for migrant families, by Tsering Ngodup Lama (kp 07/03/2020)

Rethinking remittance and reform: Targeted policies are needed to break the cycle of remittance coming in and going out to pay for imports, by Bhoj Raj Poudel (kp 26/01/2020)

Remittance is making Nepalis lazy: Report (ht 16/01/2020)

Ban on Malaysia, lower labor demand send remittances down by Rs 7 billion (rep 19/12/2019)

Encourage remittance inflows: But not dependency syndrome, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 09/12/2019)

Remittance Through Informal Channel, by Kamal Parajuli (rn 14/11/2019)

Remittance inflow drops after almost four years (ht 24/10/2019), Remittances plummet despite festive season, high exchange rate (rep 24/10/2019)

Nepali workers send home over Rs 879 billion: Despite double-digit growth in remittance inflows, the country, however, struggles to manage the foreign currency reserve due to the swelling trade deficit, by Rajesh Khanal (kp 02/09/209)

Remittance is great, but what of the workers suffering abroad? National politics play a factor in youth seeking employment abroad, by Prabha Poudyal (kp 14/07/2019)

Billions of rupees enter the country as remittance. Where does it all go? Studies show the majority of the amount sent back by migrant workers is used for ‘daily consumption’ and in unproductive ways, by Chandan Kumar Mandal (kp 04/06/2019), Remittance inflows: Benefits outweigh costs, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 04/06/2019), Making sense of the money: Remittance is a great earner, but it’s not contributing to economic growth (kp 05/06/2019)

The good and the bad: It is necessary to examine whether remittance is a blessing or a curse for the economy, by Jagadish Prasad Bist (kp 28/05/2019)

Nepal is 19th largest receiver of remittances with $8.1 billion, by Sangam Prasain (kp 10/04/2019)

Remittance inflows up 28.5 percent despite drop in worker departures, by Bibek Subedi (kp 16/03/2019), Remittance inflow jumped 29% to Rs 516 billion in seven months (rep 16/03/2019)

Erosion of economic base: The reality is that the high dependence on remittance will further weaken our social and economic bases, by Madhukar Upadhya (kp 20/02/2019)

Govt urged to bring down remittance fee: Migrants are obliged to pay 4.5pc service charge on an average while sending $200 through formal channels (ht 08/02/2019)

Remittances surge 32pc despite drop in migrant outflow, by Bibek Subedi (kp 20/01/2019)

Remittance inflows reach Rs312b in first 4 months, by Rajesh Khanal (kp 25/12/2018)

Remittance grows by record 37.3% despite fall in worker migration (rep 26/11/2018)

Economy of emotions: Let’s bring in remittance as much as we can through skills but not at the cost of our emotional wellbeing, by Narayan Mourya (rep 07/11/2018)

Myagdi receives Rs 1 billion in remittances this festive season, by Hari Krishna Gautam (rep 07/11/2018)

Remittance swells on strong dollar: Workers’ transfers jumped by 33.4 percent to Rs 154.2 billion (rep 31/10/2018), Remittance inflow increases by 33.4pc (ht 31/10/2018)

Remittance inflows reach Rs73.95b in first month, by Bibek Subedi (kp 29/09/2018)

Costs of remittance: Evidence shows remittance-receiving families indulge in more lavish lifestyles and do not take up income generating activities, by Nilam Sangroula (rep 19/09/2018)

Remittance growth rebounds as US dollar appreciates, oil price recovers: Nepal received Rs 755.06 billion in remittances in FY 2017/18 (rep 26/08/2018)

Remittances swell despite drop in migrant departures: The NRB report shows that 342,426 individuals were given approval for foreign employment in the first 11 months (mid-August to mid-June) of this fiscal year, down 8.2pc (kp 17/07/2018)

Youth Outflow and Remittance, by Lal Deosa Rai (kp 25/06/2018)

Toward better economy: Nepal’s economy would have long collapsed without remittances for imports have sky-rocketed while exports continue to plummet, by Kedar Neupane (rep 16/05/2018)

Remittance for development It can be used more productively by promoting savings, but there is no doubt that remittance has increased the standard of living of recipients, by Bhubanesh Pant (kp 07/05/2018)

Weight of remittance: The government should formulate sound and sustainable policies and programmes to retain the youths within the country (ht 30/04/2018)

Increasing remittance: More pain than gain, by Atindra Dahal (ht 19/04/2018)

Spend the money wisely: Nepal receives a massive amount in remittance, which can and should be used for development, by Udayan Regmi (kp 25/03/2018)

Recovery in remittance income fails to lift BoP (kp 19/03/2018)

Widening Trade Deficit, Decreasing Remittance, by Nandala Tiwari (rn 19/03/2018)

End the stigma: Women migrants, like their male counterparts, send remittance, and eventually bring new skills back home. Don’t they deserve respect?, by Roni Pradhan, Dhaubhadel (kp 09/03/2018)

Should the river run dry: Remittance is a significant contributor to the economy but its instability makes it unviable to fuel sustained growth, by Bhubanesh Pant (kp 02/03/2018)

A game changer: Remittance can be channelled towards the creation of programmes for the economic empowerment of women, by Bikash Gupta, Needika Adhikari and Arshia Karki (kp 25/02/2018)

Remittance inflow drops for third month in a row: Remittance inflow has  been falling on the drop in number of Nepalis leaving the country for  employment purpose (kp 14/02/2018)

Remittance risks: Due to declining remittance and a depleted workforce, Nepal’s economy is nearing zero productivity, by Achyut Wagle (kp 23/01/2018)

A remittance corridor: It is high time the government became serious about adverse impacts of hundi on the national economy, by Dhananjay Shah (kp 19/01/2018)

Go easy on the spending: Nepalis are living the high life with remittance, but what happens when it dries up?, by Gunakar Bhatta (kp 10/01/2018)

Remittance may take a hit as Saudi, UAE plan to introduce VAT (ht 28/12/2017)

Remittance inflow drops: The fall of 1.4 percent may not be brief interruption, as remittance growth has hit a saturation point: NRB (kp 25/12/2017), Negative remittance growth could exert pressure on country’s BoP (ht 25/12/2017)

Best value: Remittances from Nepali migrants can lead to progress if diverted from consumption to capital formation, by Miriam Shendroff (kp 05/12/2017)

Repeating history: Acknowledge this: remittance income will taper and imports will continue to rise (kp 07/11/2017)

Nepal to face turbulence as remittance flow ‘drops’, by Rupak D. Sharma (kp 17/10/2017)

MoLE preparing to set up remittance fund, by Sabin Mishra (ht 19/09/2017)

Slowing remittance growth squeezes BoP surplus (kp 27/08/2017), Remittance growth retarded to below five per cent last fiscal (ht 29/08/2017)

Hundi in South Korea: Nepalis’ remittance channel, by Dhananjay Shah (ht 27/07/2017)

What if remittances dried up? Investment in the productive sector can transform Nepal’s economy and put it on a self-sustaining path, by Serene Khatiwada (kp 16/07/2017)

‘30pc coming in via informal channels’ (kp 14/07/2017), Lawmakers seek incentive package on remittance (ht 14/07/2017), Slowdown in remittances growth worries lawmakers, by Sagar Ghimire (rep 14/07/2017)

Remittance, rice and real estate: An example of how a remittance-based economy can wreck thriving agriculture in one of Nepal’s most fertile valleys, by Yuvaraj Shrestha (nt 14/07/2017)

The job issue: Ongoing Gulf row should prod Nepal into  becoming less dependent on remittances (ht 12/07/2017)

Remittance inflow from Qatar likely to be adversely hit (ht 21/06/2017)

Remittance growth retards (ht 11/06/2017)

Bank accounts must in Nepal for people heading abroad to work: Decision aims at bringing remittances through formal channel, by Sagar Ghimire (rep 30/05/2017)

‘Remittances a symptom of chronic problem’ (rep 24/05/2017)

Current account in deficit as remittances growth slows (rep 17/05/2017)

Remittance growth slows on drop in number of outbound workers: Inflation cools down to 3.3 percent (rep 18/03/2017)

Remittance inflows: Avoiding dependence, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 07/03/2017)

The good and the bad: We need to conduct a careful study of both positive and negative effects of Nepal’s remittance-driven economy, by Suvekshya Gautam (kp 02/02/2017)

Remittances growth continues to slow (rep 19/01/2017)

Nepal top remittance recipient economy in proportion to GDP in Asia in 2015 (ht 07/12/2016)

Remittance growth slows to 3.2 percent: Nepal received Rs 171.8 billion in the first quarter (rep 19/11/2016)

US envoy: Focus on job creation as era of remittance-led growth is ending: The ambassador says foreign investors want certainty and do not like high opportunity cost of doing business in Nepal, by Rupak D. Sharma (kp 22/10/2016)

Rebound in remittance inflow fails to prevent BoP from posting deficit (kp 22/10/2016)

Making most of remittances: Vision and strategies, by Mayumi Ozaki (ht 20/10/2016)

Remittance inflows: Risks and realities, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 14/10/2016)

Migrant worker departures settle at new low post quakes, by Ram Saran Tamang (rep 08/10/2016)

Most remittance recipient households save to buy assets, by Pushpa Raj Acharya (ht 29/09/2016), Role of remittance: The amount of remittance can be much higher than what has been reported by the WB if all the remittances are sent through formal channels (ht 30/09/2016)

Cash outflow surpasses inflow amid slashed remittance: Balance of payments posts deficit of Rs 2.1b first time in two years, by Rupak D. Sharma (kp 23/09/2016), Ease in remittance growth likely to pose downside risk (ht 23/09/2016), Remittances decline as number of outbound workers falls, by Sagar Ghimire (rep 23/09/2016)

Waiting for an industrial revolution: Failure to foster entrepreneurship is driving Nepalis abroad for work, by Manish Jha (nt 23/09/2016)

Remittance pitfalls: Nepal needs urgent reforms to deal with challenges stemming from a deceleration in remittance inflows, by Chandan Sapkota (kp 20/09/2016)

Figures to fret about: Besides aiding poverty reduction, remittance has also led to a rise in trade deficit, by Bijendra Man Shakya (kp 11/09/2016)

Is almost all remittance spent on consumption? ... Maybe not: 28 percent of money sent from abroad is saved, says NRB report, by Rupak D. Sharma (kp 08/09/2016), How to spend it: Govt should devise policies to make best use of remittances (kp 09/09/2016)

Remittance growth slows to 7.7 percent in 2015-16, by Prithvi Man Shrestha (kp 27/08/2016)

Remittance And The Recent Alarm, by Nandalal Tiwari (rn 15/08/2016)

Malaysia top remittance sending country to Nepal: However, remittance inflows from Malaysia might be hit in the future as the number of workers going there dropped sharply in the last fiscal year, by Bibek Subedi (kp 05/08/2016)

The remittance trade-off: There should be a careful and dispassionate analysis of the economic costs of remittance, by Suvanga Parajuli (rep 03/08/2016)

One pc currency depreciation raises remittance inflow by 1.17 per cent (ht 01/08/2016)

Remittance growth plummets to 8.6 per cent (ht 17/07/2016)

Remittance growth witnesses slowdown (ht 19/06/2016)

WB says Nepal could face slowdown in remittances (kp 16/06/2016), Over reliance on remittance risky: WB, by Pushpa Raj Acharya (ht 16/06/2016)

Remittance growth rate falls for 5 mths straight, by Bibek Subedi and Roshan Sedhai (kp 19/05/2016)

WB: Remittance inflows soared after earthquake: Migrant workers sent $6.6 billion to their families in 2015, up 20.9pc year-on-year, by Bibek Subedi (kp 15/04/2016), Utilising Remittance For Economic Growth, by Kushal Pokharel (rn 15/04/2016)

Remittances and microfinance Risks, hurdles and opportunities, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 16/03/2016)

Courting cash: The state has not been able to utilise the inflow of remittance productively, by Rudra Prasad Dahal (kp 01/03/2016)

Costly cash: For Nepal the objective should be to decrease the share of remittance in the national economy, by Prakash Chandra Lohani (kp 29/02/2016)

Unsafe workplaces: The lifeline of Nepal’s economy is threatened by conflict in West Asia and weak currencies, by Om Astha Rai (nt 29/01/2016)

Managing Migration For Development, by Lok Nath Bhusal (rn 22/01/2016)

Remittance: A mixed blessing; While remittances helped cushion the effect of the earthquake to some extent, families of the migrants were torn apart by the disaster, by Roshan Sedhai (kp 16/01/2016)

Nepali outbound stalls as economy heads downhill: The country’s deteriorating business environment has affected the travel plans of Nepali holidaymakers, by Sangam Prasain (kp 25/10/2015)

Remittance jumps to Rs53b in first month (kp 03/10/2015), Current account posts surplus of Rs 8bn: Remittance income grew by 26.3 per cent to Rs 53.27 billion (ht 03/10/2015)

Spend it wisely: Remittance should be used to create jobs, generate income and boost entrepreneurship, by Dutta Shree Duwadi (Khanal) (kp 20/09/2015)

Role of remittances: Reconstruction and recovery, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 24/08/2015)

NRB report on macro economy: BoP surplus doubles, thanks to remittance (kp 20/06/2015), Daily remittance inflow at Rs 2.10bn (ht 20/06/2015), Nepal inflation cools down to 7.1 percent, by Sujan Dhungana (rep 20/06/2015)

Relaying remittance: Remittances can form a safety net for households vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters, by Bhartendu Mishra (kp 29/05/2015)

Remittance up as migrants send home more money (ht 23/05/2015)

Bad idea: The practice of government sending workers abroad will discourage private sector, make redress of migrant grievances harder and increase corruption, by Neelam Adhikari (rep 20/04/2015)

No improvement in remittance inflow (ht 14/04/2015)

Bringing it back home: Remittance must be treated practically, not ideologically, for it to lead to economic growth, by Saloman Rajbandhi (kp 08/04/2015)

Slowdown in remittance inflow continues (kp 17/03/2015), Remittance inflow continues to decelerate, growth only 2.9pc (ht 17/03/2015)

What a waste: Nepal has neither been able to utilise its population dividend nor the remittances sent in by young people, by Subhash Nepali (kp 18/02/2015)

Productive use of remittances: To spur economic growth, by Bhubanesh Pant (ht 16/02/2015)

Use it wise: For productive utilization of remittance it must be channeled into capital formation, by Subas Chandra Dahal (rep 10/02/2015)

Remittance inflow rises (ht 18/01/2015)

COVID-19: Remittance Flows to Shrink 14% by 2021 : International migration to fall in 2020 for the first time in recent decades (World Bank 29/10/2020)

World Bank: Doing Business, Statistical data for Nepal. Washington, 25 October 2016

World Bank. Nepal Development Update: Remittances at Risk, May 2016

Worldbank: Nepal

International Monetary Fund: Nepal

Asian Development Bank: Nepal

Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS)